Difference between revisions of "July 22 2017"

From Nithyanandapedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles">https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles</a>).)
m (The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles">https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles</a>).)
Line 239: Line 239:
 
[1:12:12]
 
[1:12:12]
  
So with this, I bless you all. Let’s all radiate Authenticity, Integrity, Responsibility, Enriching, Causing, Living Shuddhadvaita Saivam, Living Shuddhadvaita Sadāshivoham, the Eternal Bliss, Nithyananda.  Thank you. Be blissful.
+
So with this, I bless you all. Let’s all radiate [[Authenticity]], Integrity, [[Responsibility]], [[Enriching]], Causing, Living Shuddhadvaita Saivam, Living Shuddhadvaita Sadāshivoham, the Eternal Bliss, Nithyananda.  Thank you. Be blissful.
  
  

Revision as of 07:24, 9 February 2019

Link to Video:


Description:

Guest 232 Guru Mahasannidhanm of Thondaimandalam in this discourse swamiji continues to expand on arithmetic logic. Watch, share and like the video's and Subscribe to our channel to be notified of the next upload. click http://bit.ly/20j90wr to subscribe. Website and Social Media: http://www.nithyananda.org http://www.nithyananda.tv http://www.innerawakening.org https://twitter.com/SriNithyananda https://www.facebook.com/ParamahamsaNithyananda

Tags:

Sri Nithyananda Swami Paramahamsa Nithyananda, Nithyananda, Swamiji, Sadāshiva, aadheenam chalo series, Shaktipata, manifesting powerful cognitions, Shiva Linga, manifest powers, power manifestation , tattva, self-consoling thought currents, Shivastamba yoga, Kundalini Raju yoga, Pancha Kriya, Pada Puja, Shiva Puja, Kirtan, Satsang, Bhava Samadhi, Hauntinf Questions, Nyayaika, Jaimini, Manam Sharira, Satya Defined, Anubhuti, Chandala Defined, Vaishya Defined, Kshatriya Defined, Brahmana Defined, Hindu Gurus, Difference of Opinion, Shankara, Ramanuja, Madhva, Shaiva, Vaishnava, Vedanta, Shakta , Shanti, Tattva not Tat, Awakening of the Shakti, Sri Sri Ramakrishna Punthi, Yagnopavita, Blind leading the blind, Mundaka Upanishad

Transcript:

nithyānandeśvara sadāshiva samārambhām nithyānandeśvari adi shakti madhyamām | asmat āchārya paryantām vande guru paramparām ||

I welcome all of you with My love and respects. I welcome our esteemed special guest for this mornings Satsang (1:02 NAME) 232nd

(1:23)

I’ll continue to expand on Aadheenam Chalo series, on nitty gritties of Shaktipata, which I was explaining yesterday, from yesterday I’ll continue. I’ll give you the essence of yesterday’s satsang.

Arithmetic logic is not absolute. Anything, which is not absolute, you take decisions based on it, becomes your cognition. A damaged cognition produced by decisions taken on non-absolute logic will develop large blind spots in your system. I’ll repeat. Listen. Decisions taken based on the logic, which is not absolute, all those decisions become your cognitions. Those cognitions will have large blind spots. If you are having this having difficulty in your life – I know what I’m doing is wrong, I don’t know why I am doing. Means, you believe this cockroach girlfriend logic. Cockroach is afraid of rat, rat is afraid of cat, cat is afraid of dog, dog is afraid of you, you are afraid of your girlfriend, girlfriend is again afraid of cockroach. No, it’s a good joke, but if you apply this logic on your life and take decisions based on this kind of arithmetic logic, your life will be cruel joke. Good joke should not become cruel joke.

Listen. Many times, logic inserted into your system through good jokes becomes part of your thinking, thought current. Which becomes a cruel joke. Cognitions developed based on arithmetic logic, which is not acid washed, about which you did not do any investigation. You allowed the blind spots to grow, plays a cruel joke on your life. Listen. Listen deeply.

[05:01]

Today, Saturday, wow, all My sannyasis are beyond time and date. Today is Saturday, the weekend starts today and tomorrow. Let us do a thorough acid wash of our inner space today and tomorrow. I wanted this to be homework, today and tomorrow. Where all you have blind spots, means you know morning four o’clock you should be fresh, alive, doing Shivastambha yoga, Kundalini Rajju yoga, doing Pancha Kriya, and Pada Puja, Shiva Puja, Kirtan, Satsang, after that literally you should be in Bhava Samadhi, the space of Advaita. Find out, are you in that space. If not dig out the blind spots, where you are playing with this arithmetic logic. Understand, every step of your life need to become conscious if you are interested in Sadāshivatva, the ultimate state, space, manifestation to exist.

[07:20]

Yesterday I was explaining about this self-consoling thought currents. Understand. All the haunting questions you have about life, Jeeva, Ishvara, Jagat.

All of us have haunting questions –

why there is inequality?

Why there is poverty?

Why there is wealth?

Why there is health and disease?

Why there is good and bad?

Why somebody’s happy and why somebody’s suffering?

Why did I get this woman as wife, why this man in my life?

I can give you some of foolproof clear symptoms to find out somebody’s from India. Even in outside India, when our guys they go to restaurants they will only see other’s plate and order – never the menu card. Whether it is a bus or train or flight, they’ll put their handkerchief for the window seat. We will only look at the others and make the decision.

[09:11]

We do have lot of haunting questions. Why this to me, why this not to me, why not this to me. All these haunting questions you need self-consoling answers, especially some of the terrible questions – what happens after death, where was I before my birth, what is going to happen if I do only good, why should I not do bad, why should I do this, why should I do that. Whether it is superficial questions or fundamental questions, there are tons of questions haunting us. A set of answers or the answer generating-thought current.

Listen carefully. Set of answers for these questions become philosophy, a set of thought currents which generates multiple answers for these questions becomes Darshana, tattva.

Understand, set of thought currents which generates answers for these questions which can be an amazing self-consoling, which can just put you to rest, but of course they’re not experience because neither your questions are from experience, nor the doubts are from experience or the haunting questions are from experience. Your most of the haunting questions are also entertainment.

[11:38]

It really happened. One big guy, a very big powerful government official came and met Me.

He said, “Swamiji I have come all the way traveling from Delhi to meet you.”

It happened few years before. “And just tell me quickly what is God and how to achieve God.” I looked at him and he was not even sitting. I told him, “Please, why don’t you settle down.” He said “No, in twenty minutes I have to go and catch my next flight.” God within twenty minutes? Of course possible, if you are ready to open your eyes.

Understand. He was filled with such hurry, restlessness.

Suddenly I started talking, “Sir, how are you, what your wife is doing, what your kids are doing and I heard you achieved a lot in your career.” And he started talking about his career (Swamiji makes sound da da da da…..)

And the meeting went on more than one and half-hours, he forgot about his flight. And after one and half hours of elaborately explaining all his great achievements and career, awards, rewards, everything, he forgot all about God.

Never he repeated that problem or a question second time in that one and half hours he got with Me, and after he went out to my assistants he was praising Me, “What an, what an amazing, intelligent, saintly personality Swamiji is.”

In that whole one and half hours only two, three questions I asked. I did not answer a single question,neither he was allowed to speak. No, I always let people speak. Of course in the house they are not allowed to speak at least in the ashram. Why do you think many Grihisthas find ashram very happy? Because almost they don’t need to meet their spouses. They don’t need to meet them for food, and sometimes they get the great opportunity of deputation outside the campus. I am seeing a lot of people clapping in Thanjur, and Trishulum and, even Chennai. People love Aadheenam life, really.

[15:20]

Finally the guy did not talk again about this subject means even many questions we believe haunting questions are not really haunting questions, because they are imaginary haunting questions the imaginary answers are more than enough. Understand, each of the Darshanas will connect, resonate based on the depth of the question or depth of the cognition from which you are operating.

Please listen. If you are very shallow Vaisheshika[1] [ (Sanskrit: वैशेषिक)] is enough, Vaisheshika is the most shallow Darshana in the six. That is why it is not survived in a larger scale. Of course, I don’t want to say it dead, but it does not have a large practitioners, very less. Then comes if you are next level questioner, then comes Nyayika, Nyaya (न्याय, ny-āyá) suits with very naughty type of questions, completely twisted, unexpected, naughty type of questions.

A mother superior on the convocation day is addressing all her girls who are leaving the school. Understand, many people will try to exploit you, be careful, protect yourself. Just for the sake of one-hour pleasure don’t destroy your whole life, remaining twenty-three hours of life, you need to be very careful and you need to be very intelligent to protect yourself. Just for the sake of one hour in the bed don’t destroy your twenty-three hours in the life. One last row girl asked, Madam, how did you make it to one hour?

All right. Very naughty perverted logic. Nyayaika is apt answer for naughty, perverted logic. Very unexpected attacks. Unexpected logical attacks can by handled by Nyayaika. Nyaya

[18:54]

Next level – the logic of Yoga. A deeper logic of Uttar Mimamsa.

Understand, Jaimini is a great logician, not just doer, a great logician. The philosophy with most depth Darshana system with most depth is Sankhya and Vedanta.

But listen, I’m putting it on record, even both of them are only thought currents. Darshana – a system, which gives you self-consoling answers. Listen carefully. Now I am giving a very important definition.

You are consciousness, your extension, mechanism, intra-organ through which you perceive is Mana, and the gross expression of the Mana is body, Sharira.

Listen carefully. Any idea, which breaks into all the three, manifests your consciousness through all the three – means state, space, manifestation. State, an operating space, and manifestation of powers. Any idea if it makes all these three happen only it can be called as Satya.

Understand, your ability to handle naughty, surprising shocking, twisted questions does not mean you have Anubhuti. Only if you manifest those thought currents are Satya.

Listen very carefully.

What you are following, the Darshana you are following, the Tattva you are practicing, the philosophical thought current you are cherishing – a man who does not have any philosophical thought current for his life is Chandalla.

A man who lives to make all his thought currents more and more luxury and comforts is Vaishya.

The man who lives to strengthen his ideological power-centric understanding through all his thought currents is Kshatriya.

The man who entertains and channels all his thought currents and energies towards the ultimate freedom is Brahmana.

Understand. You need to understand this truth. The thought currents you cherish inside your system, whether they lead you to more and more restlessness every day, more and more confusion every day, more and more consolation every day – understand not pride, arrogance, no. Straight truth. I am giving you the tools and methodology to analyze whether to follow certain system, or a Guru or a methodology or not. Anything, which does make you, manifest powers, forget about it. It is only consolation thought currents. Yes, it can give you amazing consolation. Read Vedanta. You have will have such amazing consolation and many of the haunting questions will be diverted, forgotten, and missed. As I said, the best lawyers logic is either convince the judge or confuse the judge. After studying Vedanta for some questions you will be convinced, about some questions you will be confused so thoroughly you will never want to see those questions again, you will never want to think about those questions again.

[25:10]

All self-consolation thought currents – but one thing I want to tell you. Hats off to Hindu Gurus. They never used the human beings’ vulnerability, the suffering he goes through with these haunting questions to make him violent they always made sure that is only attended, healed, he is given consolation which finally makes him live with the Whole, in tune. Understand, a agitated haunting question young man can be converted either into a great enlightened being or a powerful terrorist. Both are possible. The kind of a thought current you give him to cherish and discover his answers. ‘

Hats off to Hindu Gurus, great visionaries of my civilization. I bow down to them. Never one. Never one. They might have had very big difference of opinions amongst them. It’s not that Shankara, Ramanuja, Madhva all the thought currents of Shaiva, Vaishnava, Vedanta, Shakta did not fight. They were not even decent – I will say indecent level fights, but never we evolved a system, which can systematically produce terrorists. No. We were very clear about it.

Our Masters were very clear about it. They always went for Shanti. They always went for consolation. That itself is great. So I should not underestimate these self-consoling thought currents, but I want you to know, self-consoling thought currents are not self-realization.

They are not Satya. They are only Darshana. They are only Tattva, not Tat.

Understand. Listen carefully. Anything which penetrates your being, shakes up your consciousness, wakes it and makes the state and space and manifest through your body – whenever your consciousness manifests through your body it manifests as powers.

Only if this circle is complete the thought current is Satya. Listen carefully. If it is not, don’t call that as Satya. Only when you switch it on and the equipment either fan or light or air condition works the circuit is complete and it empowered with electricity with power. If it does not work, there may be some problem in the circuit, there maybe some problem in the equipment, there may be some problem in the switch or there may not even be power.

Understand. But the fundamental truth is only if a thought current makes you have the state and space and powers it is Satya, it is truth. Awakening of the Shakti is the scale to find out whether the thought current you are cherishing, is from Sadāshiva.

Yes, the great philosophies may be offering consolation, may be offering amazing convincing answers. Answers are not powers. Do not follow a system, which stops just with some consoling answers or a state or a space. Yes, people can teach you. Ooo, practice integrity, be responsible, but if they’re not able to make you manifest powers through those thought currents there is a big blind spot somewhere. Understand, blind spot filled teachings given by a blind spot filled Guru to a blind spot called Disciple is what Upanishad describes ‘blind leading the blind..’

Listen, blind leading the blind where both will fall is based on the country you live. Blind leading the blind where both you fall is based on the country you live.

[31:58]

Only if power manifestation happens when the circle is complete that thought current is worthy to be followed, that process worthy to be entertained, the Guru worthy of your dedication. Listen carefully.

Any thought current stops with consolation, giving you great answers, you go and ask him, “How can I open my Third Eye?”

“For the sake of God don’t open it.”

For the sake of GODDEL, Sadāshiva, open it!

What kind of a conscious damage to the humanity.

Recently I saw one so-called spiritual Guru. No, he’s telling why do we poor milk, honey, ghee on Shiva Lingas so that they will always be wet and will not crack. Crack?! Crack is the answer?! No. It is actually a 295A, hurting the religious sentiments. Understand it is actually hurting the religious sentiments. No you are pouring milk, honey, ghee, it seems the fat will keep the stone wet so the stone will not crack, so it only a maintenance.

One side straight anti-Hindu forces saying, “Oh why do you spent twenty rupee on milk and pour on Shiva Linga, better to give it to a poor child who does not have milk.” Oh God, yes,why should we waste three hundred rupee on your cinema ticket and better, three hundred rupees you can serve more kids than twenty rupee. [APPLAUSE]

[35:08]

I tell you, one side those anti-Hindu attacks from outside, external attacks, other side, internal collapse. Somebody telling you pour milk, ghee and honey on Shiva Linga and keep it wet so that the stone will not crack. God! Crack! What kind of answer, what kind of a logic? There are one thousand sacredness associated with why we pour milk, ghee and honey, all that on Shiva Linga. I can start giving one thousand answers, which are in tune with the original sacred sentiment why we are doing this. Understand. In those days our whole work was taking care of cows. What is the essence of the whole days work? The milk you get. What is the essence of even the milk you get? Is the ghee finally you make. And what is the essence of whole day you going around the forest and trying to collect honey? The honey you get. The essence of all our day efforts, the whole day efforts essence is our life. Literally we spent our whole life on this so this is the essence. The result, fruit, essence of our life, we offer it to the representation of Sadāshivatva towards whom we feel highest sacred sentiment. Most sacred. First of all, the fundamental – when somebody asks Me, “Why we pour milk, honey, ghee on the lingas?” I say, No, we don’t pour on Linga, we pour on Sadāshiva. That is a fundamental shift the questioner is supposed to have. Understand. The fundamental shift in sacred sentiment is required. If you cannot cause that shift please do not interfere in our religious matters. Stop with what you are expert. Not on religious matters. Pouring milk on Linga is the subject of Agama. If you do have respect for Agama, if you have not read them, if you are not ready to revere them, please do not invade into our sacred.

[39:10]

And the questioner is asking, “So is it all about maintenance, Guru?”

“Yes, yes, it all about”

You need to pour continuously milk and ghee to keep a stone without cracking then the temple tower is made of the same stone, no milk, water, ghee is poured on it whole day and night. Why that is not cracking? If it only a maintenance issue my Masters are brilliant enough, rich enough, asking us Hey, power the milk and ghee and honey on the whole temple tower and we will be doing it! They are rich enough to command and we are obedient enough to do.

[40:20]

Understand. If you are master of one thought current I don’t even question your mastery, please keep it to that. Pouring milk on Linga is the subject of Agama, not the subject of Yoga. It is the subject of Agama. If you have reverence for Agama, reverence enough to listen to the sacred sentiments of Agama – Understand, when you read the scriptures, if you have enough reverence and feeling connection, the sentiments, layers of sentiments behind those words will resonate in your heart.

[41:14]

Once I had that experience. There is a beautiful book called Sri Sri Ramakrishna Punthi in Bengali. In English it is translated as ‘Portrait of Sri Ramakrishna’, and I started learning, reading and writing Bengali just to read this book, and my Sannyas Guru Hamsananda Puri he was staying in place called Tail Ghat in Calcutta. There was a huge company or Burn Standard Motors, I forgot company name. In front of that company there is a small Ghat called Tail Ghat where he used to stay. He is old person who can’t read. He was too old, I think he must be at least above one hundred. Only above hundred we call old in India, and he can’t read. He will ask me, “Hey, read this Ramakrishna Punthi” and I still remember how just in few hours, in forty eight hours, he just literally blessed Me to read and write Bengali and still I remember some of the lines…

Jai jai ramakrishna vanja kalapatru

Ja jai ramakrishna jagater guru

Jai jai ramakrishna shabaya sharana Ishta gosti gaan


It’s a inaugural verse.

I bow down to Ramakrishna who is vanja kalapatru.

I bow down to Ramakrishna who is Jagater Guru, means the Universal Guru.

Jai jai ramakrishna Ishta gosti gaan shabaya sharana renu maager-adam


Let Me have the feet dust of all who lived, worshipped, revered, connected with Sri Ramakrishna.

[43:46]

Understand, it is not the lines, the way he will sit while I am reading out those lines, the reverence he will show for that scripture made me realize the sacred sentiments loaded in those verses. I will literally feel every line is loaded with so much of feeling connection. The way he will treat that book, and the way he will sit, even though being so old, will not even stretch his leg if I’m reading out this book for him. He literally gave Me the power to read and write Bengali in forty-eight hours so I can read out this book for him.

To understand the scripture, first of all you need reverence; second, deep feeling connection so the sacred sentiments loaded in that scripture reveals itself to you. Sacred sentiments are always Patni with shyness. Understand. A Patni, Kulastri with shyness will reveal herself to you only in a deep love and feeling connection. She’s not prostitute. Logic is prostitute. You don’t need anything. It’ll open itself in front of you, but sacred sentiment of feeling connect is with Patni, Kalastri with shyness. You need a deep reverence and feeling connection for her to reveal herself to you.

Understand. If you read scriptures, if you have a reverence for the scriptures, if you have feeling connection for the scriptures, declare that first and then talk about the matters of scriptures. The alternative pop mythologists are not Gurus and Āchāryas of Hinduism. Alternative overrated pop mythologists – listen to the words I am using. Overrated pop mythologists don’t comment on the subjects of Agama. It is hurting our religious sentiments.

[47:23]

The fruit of our whole life – understand, in those days, the best possession you can have is cow. The work you need to do whole day is taking care of them. So the fruit of your whole days action, the karma phala is a milk, and you churn that and get ghee. So it is the essence of essence of your whole days work. We decide to take part with that essence with Sadāshiva as our gratitude offering, the offering of the sacred sentiment we carry about Sadāshiva, we carry with Sadāshiva, we carry towards Sadāshiva This kind of a interpretation is like now I am saying, Pour the life essence, milk on Sadāshiva. Later on somebody who sees this video and saying, Yes, yes, he’s in our ashram only, let us pour on him. Not on that Sadāshiva, I am talking about this Sadashiva. Bramachari Sadāshiva. [LAUGHS] If somebody later on interprets, Yes, yes about this boy only. How completely confusing interpretation it is. That is what exactly these guys are doing here. When we pour it on Sadāshiva, these guys call it we pour it on Linga. Hey, hey, hey… Where it falls does not matter. On whom it is expected to fall matters. Where it falls does not matter. Remembering whom it is poured matters. Where it falls is mundane. Remembering whom it is poured is sacred. To whom it is whom is Sat. Where it falls is mundane. Change your name to Mundane Guru if you are looking only at where it falls and making comments on it. To whom it poured it is Sat. Where it falls is mundane. We don’t care about it. We poured it for somebody else. We poured it for somebody else. To whom we poured matters. Not where it falls.

[50:43]

I’ll continue to help you to discover the blind spots. Understand. The reverence, sacred sentiments associated with our actions needed to be understood, with that very strength of that sacred sentiment and feeling connection. First of all, the logical systems evolved for self-consoling answers should not be applied on sacred rituals. If you apply, as Mandukya Upanishad says:

avidyāyāmantare vartamānāḥ svayaṁ dhīrāḥ paṇḍitaṁ manyamānāḥ । jaṅghanyamānāḥ pariyanti mūḍhā andhenaiva nīyamānā yathāndhāḥ ॥ 1.2.8 ॥

Living amidst the ignorance and thinking themselves with false pride that we are the wise scholars being learned in the scripture as we are – they don’t even feel that they are learned in the scriptures, but they think they are capable of solving all problems of the Universe - the foolish non-discriminative people does wander about lacking the vision of true knowledge while being wounded and afflicted by the many incompletions, just like the blind people being led by the blind.

andhenaiva nīyamānā yathāndhāḥ |

Surely there are tons of sacred reasons why we pour milk on Sadashiva and why it falls on Shiva Linga. If you look at why we pour it is Sat. If you look at where it falls it is mundane. The moment it is poured, purpose is over. It is mundane people who looks at where it falls. Who looks at why it is poured catches the sacred. Who looks at where it falls catches the mundane.

[53:56]

Essence of today’s satsang: Why we pour is sacred, where it falls is mundane. Why we pour is Sat, where it falls is mundane. So many times we don’t even pour on Linga. We just pour in the banks of river, ocean, not even inside the river, in the banks. We just make the sand heap and pour it on that. Oh, maybe the sand should not crack? No, I just want to know why we pour on beach sand, on the banks of Ganga, on the beaches of ocean. We make a heap of sand or just get a stone in the street and put it, and if we don’t get anything, just the corner milestone. I do wanted to record, put it on record, My strong protest.

Some Tamil Nadu atheist organizations are trying to put Yagnopavitam for pigs in a very derogatory, abusive way, and they’re trying to do this as a protest to disrespect the tradition of Yagnopavita. First of all I wanted them to know Yagnopavita is not restricted to one community, Brahmins as you think. It belongs to all whole Hindus. That is the first thing.

Second thing I want to tell. As practitioner of Agama, who used Yagnopavita on himself means I used Yagnopavita on Me, and I promote thousands of people – I’ve initiated in Yagnopavita, Me and my Sangha strongly protest, oppose this kind of a disrespectful context act.

Third, understand, for us even pig is sacred, but you are not doing from that sentiment. You are doing this act to abuse and disrespect us, which can not be accepted, which will not be welcome, and this is not nineteen sixties. Understand, all these stupid things you can do, not after nineteen seventy-eight. For us even pig is representation of Varaha and we’ve already Yagnopavita on him and we are worshipping— but we will not equate that and what you are trying to do. What you are trying to do is from totally abusive context. Hindus are no more fools to keep quiet and listen to whatever you guys are doing.

[58:23 – 1:10:38 Tamil ]

And with this, today the homework is to discover the blind spots we leave while we are practicing the principles, highest principles in our life.

Essence of today’s satsang: To whom we pour is Sat, where it falls is mundane. Seeing to whom we pour is Sat. Seeing where it falls is mundane. So, actually in Hindu tradition even the deity is Archya Avatar, even that cannot be called as mundane. Of course, when you don’t even know the concepts of all this you will only see that as a ordinary stone and you will think it is oiling. No, in your life if whole day you are soaked in Bhava Samadhi, you will feel it is poured for Sadāshiva. Whole day you are only getting oil massage, you will only feel, oh that also needs oil massage. No, what is your lifestyle only based on that you will decide, you will understand things nah.

[1:12:12]

So with this, I bless you all. Let’s all radiate Authenticity, Integrity, Responsibility, Enriching, Causing, Living Shuddhadvaita Saivam, Living Shuddhadvaita Sadāshivoham, the Eternal Bliss, Nithyananda. Thank you. Be blissful.


[1] Vaisheshika is one of the six schools of Hinduism In its early stages, the Vaiśeṣika has its own metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics, and soteriology.[1 Over time, it became similar in its philosophical procedures, ethical conclusions and soteriology to the Nyāya school, but retained its difference in epistemology and metaphysics. According to the Vaisheshika all things that exist, that can be cognized and named are padārthas (literal meaning: the meaning of a word), the objects of experience. All objects of experience can be classified into six categories, dravya (substance), guṇa (quality), karma (activity), sāmānya (generality), viśeṣa (particularity) and samavāya (inherence).